Calculate logarithms in any base with step-by-step solutions. Includes natural log (ln), common log (log₁₀), and custom base logarithms.
| Base | Notation | Value |
|---|
Logarithm Definition: logₐ(x) = y means aʸ = x
Change of Base Formula:
logₐ(x) = ln(x) / ln(a) = log₁₀(x) / log₁₀(a)
Common Logarithms:
Antilogarithm: antilogₐ(y) = aʸ
A logarithm answers the question: "To what power must we raise the base to get this number?" For example, log₁₀(100) = 2 because 10² = 100. Logarithms are the inverse operation of exponentiation.
ln (natural log) uses base e (Euler's number ≈ 2.71828), while log typically means base 10 (common log). Natural logs are fundamental in calculus and continuous growth, while common logs are used in engineering and pH calculations.
No, logarithms of negative numbers are undefined in real numbers. The result would be a complex number with an imaginary part. For real logarithms, the input must be positive. Our calculator requires positive inputs.
The logarithm of 1 is always 0 in any base, because any number raised to the power of 0 equals 1. logₐ(1) = 0 for any valid base a > 0, a ≠ 1.
Logarithms are used in: measuring sound intensity (decibels), earthquake magnitude (Richter scale), pH levels, radioactive decay, population growth models, compound interest calculations, and many scientific and engineering applications.